School Funding Agreements Fail to Guarantee Full and Fair Funding for Public Schools

The new school funding agreements announced over the past few months represent an historic achievement by the Albanese Government. They promise full funding for all public schools after a decade of sabotage of the Gonski funding plan and neglect of public schools by successive Coalition governments. Full funding of public schools offers the prospect of increasing equity in school outcomes. However, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether the promise will be fulfilled.

It is important to understand the state of play of the funding agreements between the Commonwealth and state/territory governments in the context of the Federal election. Will they truly deliver full funding for public schools and when? Is the Coalition’s promise to match dollar-for-dollar genuine? Will the agreements ensure fair funding for all schools? These are pivotal questions.

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Government Funding Increases Entrench Private School Resource Advantage

Government funding increases for Catholic and Independent schools have outstripped those for public schools since 2009 and entrenched a major resource advantage for them. New figures published by the Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) show that Catholic and Independent schools have a much higher income per student than public schools across Australia and in nearly every state/territory.

It is incredible that Australia’s school funding system is so heavily favours the more advantaged over the under-privileged. Public schools enrol the vast majority of low income, Indigenous, remote area and high disability students. By contrast, only a small percentage of these students attend Catholic and Independent schools.

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Review of Research Studies Shows Money Matters for Student Achievement

A new review of research studies conducted in the United States shows once and for all that money matters in education. The study provides a comprehensive review of research studies on the relationship between school expenditure and student outcomes. Its finding is conclusive – money matters. The review also reviews studies on how money matters by analysing mechanisms whereby more expenditure improves student results. It is the most comprehensive review for many years.

The key findings of the review are:

  • Increased funding for schools yields improvements in test scores, school completion, tertiary attainment, lifetime earnings, and other outcomes.
  • Spending on both current operations AND capital investment increase student outcomes.
  • The benefits are particularly strong for economically disadvantaged students and districts where states have historically underinvested.

Its conclusion is emphatic:

This review shows that a consistent flow of analyses since the mid-2010s, using better data and more sophisticated methods, have confirmed and elaborated on decades of prior research on the importance of adequate and equitable funding in K-12 schools. [p. 41]

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NSW & Qld Public Schools Will Lose Billions if Stand-Off Is Not Resolved

A stand-off between the Albanese Government and the NSW and Queensland governments over public school funding has been going on for over a year. The longer it lasts the more public schools will lose. If it is not resolved public schools in the two states could lose nearly $40 billion in funding over the next ten years. Continuing under-funding of public schools will be catastrophic, particularly for disadvantaged students and schools in the two states.

If the stand-off is not resolved, NSW public schools will be under-funded by about $18 billion over the next ten years. Queensland public schools will be under-funded by about $21 billion. This would be disastrous for the learning outcomes of disadvantaged students and for the many under-resourced disadvantaged schools in the two states.

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NSW & Qld Public Schools Will Lose Billions if Stand-Off Continues

Save Our Schools today warned that public schools in NSW and Queensland could lose nearly $40 billion in funding over the next ten years if the stand-off between the Albanese Government and the NSW and Queensland governments is not resolved. SOS National Convenor, Trevor Cobbold, said the failure to agree to fully fund public schools in the two states is “disgraceful” and will be “catastrophic” for public schools, particularly for disadvantaged students.

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Studies on School Expenditure and Student Achievement

The following is an updated list of studies since 2000 that employed sophisticated statistical methods to analyse the impact of changes in school expenditure on student outcomes. The list is drawn from a new meta-analysis of the studies published by the US National Bureau of Economic Research and a new review of the literature published by the Albert Shanker Institute in the United States.

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New Study Shows Public Schools Bear the Greatest  Burden of Disadvantage

A new research paper published by Save Our Schools shows that public schools bear a very large burden of disadvantage but are under-resourced for the challenge. “Public schools have to do a lot more with fewer resources than Catholic and Independent schools”, said National Convenor, Trevor Cobbold.

“Income per student in public schools is 91.5% of the income of Catholic schools but the percentage of students from low socio-educationally advantaged (SEA) families in public schools is nearly 200% of that in Catholic schools.

“Income per student in public schools is only 70.5% of that of Independent schools while their percentage of low SEA students is 285.6% of that in Independent schools.

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Public Schools Bear the Greatest Burden of Disadvantage

A new research paper published by Save Our Schols shows conclusively that public schools bear the greatest burden of disadvantage but are not resourced to overcome its effect on learning outcomes. Public schools have to do a lot more with far fewer resources than  Catholic and Independent schools.

The study shows that income per student in public schools is 91.5% of the income of Catholic schools but the percentage of students from low socio-educationally advantaged (SEA) families in public schools is nearly 200% of that in Catholic schools. Income per student in public schools is only 70.5% of that of Independent schools while their percentage of low SEA students is 285.6% of that in Independent schools.

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Elite Private Schools Whine About Cuts to Their Millions in Over-Funding

Many of Australia’s richest and most exclusive private schools increased their fees for 2025 by between five and 10 per cent, some by even more. Several schools blamed cuts in Federal Government funding as a factor causing them to raise fees. The claims are vastly exaggerated and served only to prompt alarmist headlines about private schools losing funding.

Nothing could be further from the truth.

First, very few private schools will have their funding reduced over the next five years. Almost all private schools will receive funding increases and those that don’t constitute the most over-funded schools in the country, being over-funded by hundreds of millions of dollars. Second, several schools complaining about funding cuts will actually continue to have their funding increased.

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No Christmas Presents for Public Schools

There are no Christmas presents for public schools in new interim funding agreements between the Albanese Government and the major states. Government funding shares for public schools in NSW, Victoria, Queensland and South Australia in 2025 will be largely stuck at their previous levels because of continued squabbling between government levels. Public schools in these states will remain  massively under-funded in 2025.

The interminable squabbling between governments over their respective shares of funding public schools is both disgraceful and scandalous. It hinders the learning progress of disadvantaged students and perpetuating large achievement gaps between rich and poor.

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